DLG-GS: Dynamic Lighting-Aware Real-Time 3D Gaussian Splatting for Weak-Texture Tunnel Scenes

Recent advances in 3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) have enabled efficient image-based scene reconstruction, but existing methods that rely heavily on multi-view photometric consistency remain sensitive to dynamic illumination and weakly constrained regions. This issue is especially evident in tunnel scenes, where limited ambient light and localized active illumination cause strong appearance variation and shadowed regions that appear weakly textured in the captured images. As a result, existing methods often suffer from appearance inconsistency, floating artifacts, and unstable Gaussian distributions. To address these challenges, we present dynamic lighting-aware Gaussian splatting (DLG-GS), a real-time framework designed primarily for tunnel-oriented reconstruction under dynamic lighting. DLG-GS includes two complementary components: a dynamic lighting-adaptive appearance modeling strategy that reduces illumination-induced artifacts while preserving local texture details, and a voxel–depth joint constraint that uses monocular depth priors to regularize the spatial distribution of voxel anchors and neural Gaussians, thereby improving optimization stability and suppressing floating artifacts in shadow-induced weak-texture regions. By jointly optimizing appearance adaptation and depth-guided spatial regularization, DLG-GS improves reconstruction stability and rendering quality while maintaining real-time performance. Experiments on a self-collected tunnel dataset show clear improvements over selected baselines, and additional evaluations on public benchmarks indicate competitive performance beyond the target tunnel setting.