Applying Heffron’s Energy Justice Framework to National Energy Transitions: A Study of Intergenerational and Intragenerational Equity

The energy transition stands as the central focus of Indonesia’s national energy policy, as outlined in the National Energy General Plan (RUEN). This study aims to analyze the extent to which RUEN has accommodated the principle of Heffron’s Energy Justice Framework, both from the perspective of intergenerational and intragenerational justice. Using qualitative policy analysis, the paper assesses distributive, procedural, and recognition justice within RUEN and identifies structural gaps in implementation. The study highlights that although the RUEN has established measures to support the energy transition, significant barriers remain to ensuring a fair and sustainable distribution of energy, particularly unequal energy access, limited stakeholder participation, and a slow reduction in fossil fuel dependence. The results of this study are expected to yield more inclusive and equitable policy recommendations to support the energy transition, while also enhancing RUEN’s effectiveness in achieving energy resilience, sustainability, and justice in Indonesia.