Analysis and Evaluation of the Impact of Quantitative and Qualitative Factors on Vietnam’s Logistics Efficiency Using the DEA-MCDM Integrated Method

This paper proposes a two-stage framework integrating Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods to evaluate the performance of logistics firms in Vietnam. In the first stage, DEA models (CCR, BCC, and SBM) are employed to measure relative efficiency and identify benchmark firms among 15 leading logistics companies. In the second stage, FAHP–FTOPSIS is used to incorporate qualitative and sustainability-oriented criteria and to provide a comprehensive ranking of the efficient firms. The results indicate that a considerable proportion of firms operate below the efficiency frontier, implying substantial opportunities for resource optimization. Environmental and technological dimensions are found to be the most influential factors, while companies implementing green distribution strategies and strong data security practices consistently achieve higher rankings. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness and stability of the proposed framework. This study contributes by bridging operational efficiency assessment with broader strategic and sustainability considerations, overcoming the limitations of single-method evaluations used in prior research. The integrated DEA–FAHP–FTOPSIS approach offers managers a practical tool to diagnose weaknesses, prioritize improvement actions, and benchmark against top performers. In addition, it offers policymakers valuable insights to support digital transformation and green logistics initiatives in developing economy contexts.