An Integrated Robust Optimization and Simulation Framework for Sustainable and Resilient Automotive Supply Chain Management

This study proposes an integrated decision-support framework that combines robust multi-objective optimization and discrete-event simulation to enhance sustainability and resilience in automotive supply chain management. Automotive supply chains are highly complex and exposed to significant uncertainty arising from demand fluctuations, supply disruptions, and procurement constraints, particularly in emerging economies. To address these challenges, the proposed framework incorporates mixed-integer programming with a multi-objective formulation to balance production, supply, holding, and penalty costs. Additionally, robust optimization based on the Bertsimas–Sim approach is employed to hedge against demand uncertainty. Additionally, a discrete-event simulation model is developed to validate and refine the optimization results under stochastic operating conditions, and to assess the practical performance of the proposed strategies. The framework is applied to a real-world automotive case study, where flexible production policies, including fractional production and urgent procurement, are evaluated in terms of their economic and social sustainability impacts. The results demonstrate that integrating robust optimization with simulation improves supply chain resilience, reduces vulnerability to uncertainty, and supports more sustainable operational decision-making. The proposed approach provides valuable insights for managers seeking to design resilient and sustainable automotive supply chains under uncertain environments.