Sustainable Nutrient Optimization Through Home-Generated Compost: Comparative Evidence for Enhanced Agroecosystem Performance

The recycling of organic waste is a key element of the circular economy, particularly in response to the increasing generation of biodegradable residues. Composting provides a sustainable solution that supports waste management while improving soil fertility; however, its agronomic value depends on the feedstock origin, composting method, and maturity. This study compares three compost types, two home-produced (C1, C2) and one industrial (C3), to assess their suitability for agricultural application. The chemical characterization included macronutrients and micronutrients, heavy metals, and the humus content, while biological performance was evaluated through seed germination and root growth tests. C1 was nutrient-poor, especially in nitrogen and calcium, indicating the need for supplementation. C2 exhibited high potassium and moisture levels but elevated sodium concentrations, suggesting potential salinity issues. C3 showed high calcium and magnesium contents, moderate nitrogen, and low sodium, making it suitable for calcium-demanding crops. Overall, the home-produced composts demonstrated superior humus quality and more positive effects on plant development than the industrial compost, highlighting their potential as sustainable soil amendments.