Research on the Impact of New Quality Productivity on the Resilience of the Energy Industry Supply Chain—Empirical Evidence from China’s Provincial Panel Data

The security and stability of energy are vital to the national economy and people’s well-being. At present, the global energy industry is undergoing a profound historical transformation. Exploring effective strategies to bolster the resilience of the energy industry supply chain and ensure its sustainable development represents a pivotal approach to achieving energy security and stability. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2023, this study constructs an indicator system for new quality productivity forces and the resilience of the energy industry supply chain, applies the entropy weight method for indicator weighting, and employs an improved E–G index algorithm to measure the industrial agglomeration index. The influence of new quality productivity forces on the resilience of the energy industry supply chain is examined through a two-way fixed-effects model. The research findings demonstrate that new quality productivity significantly enhances the resilience of the energy industry supply chain. The level of energy supply exhibits a moderating effect, positively facilitating the enhancement of supply chain resilience through new quality productivity. The levels of urbanization, development, and industrial collaborative agglomeration demonstrate a threshold effect, leading to a nonlinear impact of new quality productivity on the resilience of the energy industry supply chain. Our heterogeneity tests reveal that in central r–ions and regions with higher levels of informatization, the promoting effect of new quality productivity on the resilience of the energy industry supply chain is more pronounced. This study further clarifies the mechanism through which new quality productivity influences the resilience of the energy industry supply chain, enriches and expands the understanding of the role of new quality productivity in the energy industry, and provides crucial support for governments and enterprises in making decisions aimed at enhancing the resilience of the energy industry supply chain.