Driving Mechanisms and Multi-Scenario Simulation of Spatiotemporal Evolution in Habitat Quality Within Core Region of Anyang, Yellow River Basin

In the context of intensifying industrial emissions and rapid urban sprawl, balancing environmental sustainability and economic expansion has grown more pronounced in Anyang. Drawing on land-use data spanning the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, this research employed the InVEST model to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat quality across the region. To uncover key influencing factors, this study integrated the GeoDetector method, while future habitat trends were projected to 2030 using a coupled intPLUS-InVEST simulation framework. The analysis revealed that over the past two decades, habitat quality remained consistently low, displaying a geographic gradient associated with elevated levels in western mountainous zones, along with lower levels across eastern plains. The evolution of habitat conditions appears to result from the intricate interdependencies between environmental variables, anthropogenic pressures, and industrial expansion. Projections in various development scenarios point to stark contrasts in future habitat outcomes: notably, the scenario combining industrial transformation with ecological rehabilitation fosters moderate gains and stabilizes declining trends in habitat quality. These insights emphasize the urgency of implementing robust policy mechanisms and spatially nuanced land-use strategies to facilitate Anyang’s ecological transition and ensure long-term regional sustainability.