Developing a Framework for Measuring Circularity in Sustainable Tourism: A GSTC-Aligned Approach

This research proposes a novel framework for assessing circularity in sustainable tourism by aligning Circular Economy principles with the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria. Despite the growing importance of sustainability, the absence of a standardized measurement framework hinders progress within sustainable tourism operations. The study synthesizes existing circularity assessments to conceptualize a multi-dimensional approach tailored to the tourism sector. The resulting four-level framework integrates GSTC standards for Industry, MICE, Destinations and Attractions. By bridging environmental, social, economic, and technological dimensions, the framework utilizes the “5R” principle (reduce, recycle, repair, rethink, and reuse). Methodologically, the study employs a systematic literature review and content analysis to model key indicators, including Life Cycle Assessments, investments in circularity, circular business models, community engagement, skills development, local sourcing, supply chain transparency, water and energy efficiency, waste management, technologies and digitalization. The proposed framework provides a comprehensive tool for stakeholders to quantify circularity, fostering transparency and long-term resilience in sustainable tourism development.