Scale Development of Resilient Inclusive Fresh Product Supply Chain Governance in the Face of Climate Change

Scale development provides the measurement and understanding needed to build resilient supply chains. It transforms abstract concepts into measurable strategies for resilience in a volatile, climate-driven environment, as they are not adequately addressed in the literature, particularly within the SDG on climate change. This scale measures the resilience of inclusive fresh produce supply chains across three governance types. Therefore, it captures the resilience inherent in different governance types, namely, the extent to which the measured results of inclusive fresh produce supply chain resilience across governance types. The study used a scale-development approach. The results indicate that four key dimensions of inclusive fresh product supply chain resilience to climate change are adaptability, transformability, robustness, and recovery speed. Sixty-one items were identified for scale development, drawn from the literature and modified through in-depth interviews. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) have validated four factor groups. They are adaptability (three items are Access_2, Access_3, Access_5), transformability (three items are Awareness_1, Awareness_2, Awareness_3, Awareness_4), robustness (three items are Physics_1, Physics_2, Physics_3), and recovery speed (four items are Recovery_1, Recovery_2, Recovery_3, Recovery_4). Respondents ranked recovery speed as the most critical resilience dimension, reflecting the time-sensitive nature of fresh product supply chains.