Is Chronic Pelvic Sepsis Complicating Low Anterior Resection of Rectal Cancer Preventable?

The combination of anatomical inaccessibility, less-than-optimal blood supply, tightly closed anal sphincters below a low anastomosis, and an infected haematoma is likely to be contributory to anastomotic leakage following low anterior resection of the rectum for rectal cancer. Although under-reported, chronic pelvic sepsis complicating low anterior resection of the rectum is still a major problem associated with impaired quality of life. It should be avoided as much as possible, in addition to the fact that it is more difficult to manage surgically than acute sepsis. Primary preventive measures are well established. Secondary prevention of chronic pelvic sepsis is achieved by early diagnosis and active management of the anastomotic leak. However, optimal postoperative management cannot fully eliminate chronic sinuses or delayed reactivation leaks. With chronic leakage, major restorative redo-anastomosis or ablative abdominal perineal resection is required and 20% of patients will require a permanent stoma.