The Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Regulating Oxidative Damage, Lipid Metabolism, and Inflammation in Chickens: A Comprehensive Review

Heat stress, high stocking density, and feed safety risks are common features of modern intensive poultry production and collectively disrupt metabolic homeostasis in chickens. These stressors promote oxidative stress, lipid metabolic dysfunction, and inflammatory activation, ultimately reducing growth performance and overall health. This review summarizes current evidence on the effects of major stressors under intensive farming conditions on lipid metabolic homeostasis, redox balance, and immune regulatory networks, with particular emphasis on the supplementation strategies and physiological effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in chickens. Available studies indicate that CGA may regulate lipid metabolic homeostasis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related signaling pathways, enhance antioxidant defenses mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and suppress inflammatory responses associated with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), thereby contributing to protective regulation at multiple levels.