International classification of food industries and Russian specifics in classifying enterprises into groups (an overview)

In order to harmonize the Russian classification of economic activities with the international one (ISIC, UN, 2009), the All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities (OKVED-2) was introduced in 2014, which is part of the National Standardization System. Food production is classified in Section C «Manufacturing», subsection with code 10. Beverage production, including the production of alcohol and other alcoholic beverages (code 11) and tobacco products (code 12), are allocated to separate groups. Group with code 10 includes the following industries: meat, fi sh, fruit and vegetable processing, oil and fat, dairy, flour milling, bakery, readymade meals, and animal feed. Catering is classified in Section 1 «Activities of hotels and catering establishments ». Preparation of food for consumption on site is classified in group 56 (activity of providing food and beverages). Attention is drawn to a new group in the classification, «Production of Ready-to-Eat Meals.» This group, code 10.85, includes the production of ready-to-eat meals prepared for storage, both frozen and canned. These meals are typically packaged in an inert atmosphere and labeled for sale; therefore, the group does not include the preparation of food products for on-site consumption in catering establishments. To be considered a meal, such products must contain at least two ingredients. Dishes include meat (including poultry), fi sh, vegetable, pizza, and ethnic and national cuisines. Catering (codes 56-56.30) is classified in the «Accommodation and Food Services» group. There is some overlap between catering establishments (code 56.10) and ready-to-eat meal production enterprises (code 10.85), since both types of enterprises receive the same food raw materials from which they produce a similar range of finished products.