Neuroimaging of structural and functional changes in the brain characteristic of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence

In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the number of mental disorders registered worldwide. Schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and residual organic disorders occupy leading positions in the register of mental illnesses leading to disability in children and adolescents. The etiology of many disorders has not yet been fully studied, and the problem of identifying the association between various anatomical and morphological brain abnormalities in mental illness remains unresolved and requires in-depth study. The development of instrumental neuroimaging methods, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as electroencephalography (EEG), enables non-invasive examination of the brain of patients with mental disorders, allowing for the identification of pathological signs of these disorders.