Risk of postoperative complications in patients with a high comorbidity index

In the literary review, modern views on postoperative complications risk in patients with high comorbidity index are highlighted. The study covered issues of comorbidity definition, main methods for its assessment, as well as the impact of concomitant pathology on surgical treatment outcomes. A clinical case is also presented in the review, clearly demonstrating the risks of various complications in patients with increased comorbidity index. The aim of this scientific article is to analyze and review current research studies to identify a relationship between high comorbidity index and adverse events development during the postoperative period. Materials and methods. A literature review covering the period from 2011 to 2021 devoted to comorbidity evaluation and postoperative complications has been conducted. Publications search was carried out using databases, such as PubMed and CyberLink, and clinical guidelines. Results. As a result of the literature analysis, it has been established that comorbidity is a significant predictor of postoperative complications. Validated tools for quantitative comorbidity assessment, including Charlson Index, Elixhauser Index, CIRS, ICED, and Kaplan-Feinstein Index, were reviewed and analyzed, and their predictive value in surgical practice was determined. Clinical examples demonstrated the pathogenetic role of background comorbid pathology in the development of postoperative complications. Conclusions. The obtained data emphasize that patients with high comorbidity index require comprehensive preoperative risk assessment and individualized approach at all stages of treatment to minimize complication probability and improve prognosis.