Impact of sports on the state of the endocrine system in women

Physical activity has a significant impact on the endocrine system of women, especially in professional sports. In this paper, the features of the hormonal response in female athletes engaged in weightlifting are considered, with an emphasis on the dependence of reproductive function disorders on the age at the beginning of sports specialization. It has been established that later involvement in sports, especially in puberty and post-puberty, is associated with a higher risk of hyperandrogenism, dysmenorrhea, decreased levels of gonadotropins, and infertility. However, the early start of athletic training contributes to a more stable functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The work highlights the importance of regular monitoring of the hormonal status of female athletes and individual selection of training loads to preserve reproductive health.