Synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and determination of their biological activity

Nanotechnologies are increasingly being used to intensify animal husbandry. Selenium deficiency reduces reproductive function and slows animal growth. A selenium deficiency disrupts lipid, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism. Selenium is a trace element chemically classified as a non-metal. Ingested in an inactive form, it undergoes a series of metabolic transformations and together with proteins forms selenoproteins, which play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Nanoparticles are a promising source of biologically active substances for animals and people, and selenium is essential for the vital functions of mammals. Recently, nanotechnologies have been viewed as a promising and emerging approach for implementation in agriculture to enhance the productivity of various crops through the introduction of nanoparticles in seed treatments, foliar spraying of plants, nanofertilizers for balanced crop nutrition, nanoherbicides for effective weed control, nanoinsecticides for plant protection, early detection of plant diseases and nutrient deficiencies using diagnostic kits, and nanopheromones for effective pest monitoring. The purpose of this research was to develop a method for synthesizing selenium nanoparticles and to investigate their biological properties as adjuvants for vaccines and anticancer drugs, as well as plant growth promoters. It was found that selenium nanoparticles stabilized with various surfactants can be used as anticancer drugs, vaccine adjuvants, and for replenishing selenium deficiency in mammals. These particles can also be used as antimicrobials and growth promoters.