Polylactide-based biodegradable wound dressings for skin injury treatment and their applicability to the maxillofacial region: a systematic review

Relevance. The identification of biocompatible wound dressings for the management of various skin injuries represents a relevant interdisciplinary challenge. Advances in wound-care materials are driven by the need to meet the following criteria: protection of the wound surface from mechanical damage, prevention of infection, sufficient permeability to prevent exudate accumulation, maintenance of a moist wound environment, flexibility, atraumatic removal, and reduced pain during healing. Since the introduction of biopolymeric polylactide-based dressings— most notably Suprathel (PolyMedics Innovations, Germany)—numerous studies have evaluated their clinical performance and compared them with established wound-care materials. Objective. To conduct a systematic review of studies evaluating the treatment of skin injuries using polylactide-based wound dressings and to assess their applicability in the management of skin injuries in the maxillofacial region. Materials and methods . The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A literature search was conducted in international and national databases using search terms in both English and Russian, including wound dressing, biodegradable polymer materials, polylactide, burns, biopolymer wound dressings, burn treatment, donor site wounds, and skin regeneration. Methodological quality was assessed using the RoB 2 tool (Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials) for randomized controlled trials and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort and case–control studies. Eligible studies were subsequently included in the analysis. Results. A total of 14 randomized controlled trials, 5 cohort studies, and 1 case–control study were included. The studies were categorized into two groups: those addressing the treatment of acute wounds (burns and donor site wounds) and those focused on chronic wounds (diabetic foot ulcers). The wound dressings used in each group were analyzed. Conclusion . The review demonstrated that polylactide-based wound dressings offer several clinically relevant advantages, including the absence of a need for dressing changes until complete healing, reduced pain intensity, and a marked acceleration of epithelialization in chronic wounds. No evidence was identified to suggest reduced effectiveness of these materials when applied to wounds in the maxillofacial region. However, well-designed randomized controlled trials focusing exclusively on patients with skin injuries in this anatomical area are required to provide more robust evidence.