Thermal performance of autoclaved aerated concrete systems in different climates: a systematic review

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) has emerged as a lightweight, sustainable, and low–environmental-impact wall material with strong potential to enhance building energy efficiency. However, its high thermal insulation capacity may lead to overheating during warm periods, hindering the formulation of universal application guidelines. This study systematically reviewed the thermal performance of AAC across different climates, identifying behavioral patterns, key influencing variables, and methodological gaps. The research followed the ProKnow-C method, covering the Scopus, Web of Science, Compendex, and ASCE Library databases (2014–2025). After a rigorous selection process, 39 articles were analyzed and classified according to six investigative lenses: climate, building, materials, application, study type, and results. Findings indicate that in 73% of the studies, AAC demonstrated superior thermal and/or energy performance compared to conventional materials, particularly in temperate and arid climates, reducing heating and cooling loads. Nevertheless, its efficiency was sensitive to density, thickness, moisture content, and solar orientation, with variable results in tropical regions. The analysis revealed a predominance of unvalidated simulation studies, a shortage of empirical research, and limited consideration of occupancy patterns and climate change scenarios, constraining the generalization of results. AAC is therefore a promising, sustainable, and energy-efficient solution; however, optimal use requires integrated approaches that consider climatic conditions, construction features, and building operation. The main contribution of this work lies in consolidating knowledge on AAC’s climatic applicability, supporting future research and guiding design practices focused on energy efficiency and decarbonization of the construction sector, while highlighting gaps for more robust, context-adapted implementation strategies.