mRNA-Based Nanomedicine in Cancer: Pharmacokinetic Innovations, Clinical Pharmacy Practice Integration, and the Future of Personalized Oncology

As a revolutionary breakthrough in cancer treatment, messenger RNA (mRNA)-based nanomedicine provides a versatile and programmable platform to elicit strong antitumor responses. In contrast to conventional treatments, mRNA can encode therapeutic proteins, immune activators, or tumor antigens, allowing for highly individualized treatment plans. However, efficient delivery is still a major problem that has been solved by the creation of nanocarriers such as lipid nanoparticles, polymeric vectors, and exosome mimics. These systems reduce off-target effects while improving stability, cellular uptake, and tumor targeting. With an emphasis on delivery methods, clinical pharmacokinetics, tumor penetration, metabolism, and immune pharmacodynamics, this review offers a thorough summary of mRNA nanomedicine in oncology. The safety profiles and efficacy signals of important clinical trials, including Moderna’s mRNA-4359 for NSCLC treatment and BNT111 for melanoma treatment, have been analyzed. Practical considerations for real-world integration, such as the preparation, monitoring, and patient education responsibilities of pharmacists and oncologists, are also covered. Clinical decision-making is supported by the use of visual aids such as radar charts and comparative summary tables, which help to simplify complex datasets. The development of adherence support tools for pharmaceutical practice, artificial intelligence-driven immune response prediction, and customized mRNA design are highlighted as future directions. Success in the journey of mRNA nanomedicine from bench to bedside will rely on interdisciplinary cooperation, strong regulatory frameworks, and medical staff prepared to handle these cutting-edge treatments. The purpose of this article is to help physicians, researchers, and pharmacy professionals navigate the rapidly changing field of mRNA therapeutics in oncology.