Structural–Functional Customization of Nanoscale Liposome-in-Liposome Systems: Precision Engineering Methodology and Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Design Prospects

Liposome-in-liposome systems with multicompartment structures offer advantages in structural complexity and functional programmability, but their application is limited by poor controllability in conventional fabrication. A recent Nature Chemistry study by Elani et al. reports a methodology to prepare sub-200-nm dual-layered liposomes, enabling customizable bilayers and adjustable interbilayer spaces. Their stepwise assembly approach promises to facilitate the integration of artificial intelligence expertise from unilamellar liposome research into liposome-in-liposome systems, thereby further optimizing formulations and enabling biological predictions. Consequently, this advancement may accelerate the clinical translation of liposomal drugs and advance frontier research in areas such as artificial organelles and lipid nanoparticles.