Dual therapeutic role of dienogest and vitamin E in endometriosis management and cardiovascular risk modulation; a narrative review study

Endometriosis is a long-lasting inflammatory condition that depends on estrogen and affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age. It is closely linked to pelvic pain, infertility, and higher heart disease risk, mainly because of increased oxidative stress and widespread inflammation. Standard treatments often help with symptoms but usually don’t tackle the root causes or long-term health issues. Dienogest, a newer progestin, is well tolerated and effective at reducing pain, shrinking lesions, and preventing recurrence. Alongside this, vitamin E, a fat-soluble antioxidant, offers anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and heart-protective benefits by targeting oxidative stress, NF-κB signaling pathways, and vascular health issues. Evidence suggests that using both together might give a stronger effect: dienogest helps regulate hormones and immune responses, while vitamin E reduces oxidative damage and supports vascular health. This review indicated that combining dienogest and vitamin E could be a useful approach in treating endometriosis and lowering the risk of cardiovascular problems, emphasizing the importance of strategies that target both reproductive and overall health outcomes.