MPC-Based Multifunctional V2G Operation in Multienergy Systems

This article presents an operational strategy for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capable charging stations in multienergy systems (MESs). We present a novel model-predictive control (MPC) formulation based on the operation of four-quadrant charging stations and the behavior of electric vehicle drivers. The presented approach enables V2G capable charging units to serve multiple functions, including voltage regulation, power loss reduction, and MES energy management. Thus, the proposed MPC approach reduces violations of operational limits and improves the efficient use of MES components, such as photovoltaic systems and heat pumps. MPC with a V2G mode regulator is implemented to ensure efficient real-time operation of the MES. The proposed strategy is evaluated using a realistic MES inspired by the Forschungszentrum Jülich campus. Further tests conducted on a modified version of the IEEE 123-bus system demonstrate the scalability of the proposed V2G algorithm.