November 11 under two flags: a comparative analysis of officials’ speeches on World War I end commemorations in Poland and France

The article compares dominant attitudes regarding November 11 in Poland and France. In both states, this date, which is related to the end of World War I and the restoration of the independence of Poland in 1918, constitutes a public holiday. However, the character of commemorations differs significantly, indicating various perspectives on history and principal values represented by Polish and French societies. It is essential to understand these differences, as these reverse concepts may constitute an obstacle in reaching a complete understanding and strengthening cooperation based on commitment and mutual respect. The research is conducted by analyzing the officials’ speeches on selected November 11 commemorations, as they represent the official perception of the event, promoted by state institutions.