AUTOMAÇÃO E INSTRUMENTAÇÃO BASEADAS EM IOT PARA MONITORAMENTO REMOTO DE SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO DE HIDROGÊNIO VERDE

The global energy transition towards decarbonization has positioned green hydrogen as a strategic vector to achieve net-zero emissions. This study develops and evaluates an automation and instrumentation architecture based on Internet of Things (IoT) for remote monitoring of green hydrogen production systems via water electrolysis. An integrated system was implemented comprising intelligent sensing layers, ESP32 microcontroller control, MQTT protocol communication, and supervision through a web SCADA platform. The PEM electrolyzer mathematical model was developed and validated, simulating operation under different temperature conditions (50-80°C), pressure (1-3 bar), and current density (0.2-1.8 A/cm²). Virtual sensors for temperature (PT100), pressure (piezoresistive), flow (Coriolis), and electrical parameters were integrated into the system. Results demonstrated energy efficiency of 65.3 ± 1.8% at 70°C and 2 bar, with power density of 0.78 W/cm² at 0.6 V. The IoT system presented average latency of 127 ms and availability of 99.7% during 720 hours of continuous simulation. OPCUA over MQTT integration enabled secure transmission of 2,880 process variables with packet loss rate below 0.03%. The SCADA dashboard developed in Node-RED enabled real-time visualization and historical analysis with InfluxDB storage. Findings demonstrate technical feasibility of the proposed architecture for industrial scalability, contributing to energy optimization and operational cost reduction in green hydrogen plants.