Improving Climate Resilience in Indian Agriculture Using Artificial Intelligence

Agriculture is central to India’s food security and rural livelihoods. However, the sector faces increasing risks from climate change, including rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and frequent extreme weather events, all of which undermine its long-term sustainability. This work examines the multifaceted impact of climate change on Indian agriculture and evaluates the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in promoting climate resilience. Drawing on case studies of AI-enabled agricultural interventions, the study demonstrates how AI can enhance resource efficiency, boost productivity, and improve adaptive capacity, particularly among small and marginal farmers. It further explores the integration of AI with traditional knowledge systems to foster more context-sensitive and sustainable farming models. The discussion is situated within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with particular emphasis on SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). By addressing barriers to AI adoption, such as infrastructural limitations, digital illiteracy, and economic constraints, the paper highlights the transformative potential of AI to enable a climate-resilient, inclusive, and sustainable future for Indian agriculture.