Multi Actor Communication Dynamics in Mangrove Ecotourism Management and Their Impact on Destination Sustainability in North Pariaman District Pariaman City

This study examines multi-actor communication dynamics in the management of mangrove ecotourism in Apar Village, North Pariaman District, Pariaman City, and their implications for destination sustainability. Using a qualitative constructivist case approach, the research analyzes planning and operational communication processes by engaging nine purposively selected informants, including village authorities, enterprise managers, and community members. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, field observations, and a review of village documents, which were then analyzed through a thematic coding process. Findings indicate that participatory dialogue during the planning stage generated strong social legitimacy. However, as management entered the operational phase, communication fragmentation and unclear role distribution triggered institutional conflict. Visitor trends suggest a correlation between communication stability and destination performance, with peak arrivals in 2021 followed by operational suspension in 2022. The impacts were multidimensional, affecting economic, social and environmental stability. The study suggests that convergent communication functions as a strategic framework for restoring trust, strengthening institutional legitimacy and potentially ensuring the long-term sustainability of community-based coastal tourism.