HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES BEYOND PAY: AN EXAMINATION OF FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL COMPENSATION, TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT, AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR IN RETAIL FIRMS

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) plays a critical role in enhancing organizational effectiveness, particularly in service-intensive industries where discretionary employee behaviour directly influences service quality and operational efficiency. This study examined the effects of employee compensation and training and development initiatives on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour among frontline employees in supermarket food retail firms in Metro Manila. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 150 rank-and-file supermarket employees through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Financial compensation and non-financial compensation were measured using the Human Resource Practices compensation scale, training and development were assessed through a validated training scale, and OCB was measured using a multidimensional instrument capturing altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, and civic virtue. Pearson correlation and simple linear regression analyses were employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results revealed that financial compensation, non-financial compensation, and training and development all had significant positive effects on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Among the predictors, non-financial compensation emerged as the strongest antecedent of OCB, followed by training and development, while financial compensation exhibited the weakest-though still significant-effect. These findings suggest that relational and developmental human resource practices play a more substantial role than monetary rewards in fostering discretionary employee behaviours. The study contributes to the organizational behaviour literature by providing empirical evidence from the Philippine supermarket retail sector and offers practical implications for managers seeking to encourage voluntary, extra-role behaviours through strategically designed compensation and training initiatives.