Natural polymer materials and guided bone regeneration methods in the practice of maxillofacial and dental surgeons

This article presents a review of contemporary natural polymer materials and their application methods in guided bone regeneration in maxillofacial surgery and dental implantology. The results of studies published between 2021 and 2025 focusing on the use of collagen, chitosan, and silk fibroin under conditions of alveolar ridge atrophy of various etiologies are analyzed. The biological properties, clinical indications, limitations, and complications associated with the use of these materials are discussed. It is shown that the application of natural polymers contributes to the formation of a predictable bone volume, reduces the risk of complications, and improves conditions for the subsequent placement and stabilization of dental implants. The obtained data confirm the prospects of using natural polymer materials in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery. We have used electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, the Russian State Library, and others to conduct our review.