From Antagonism to Peace with Nature: Paradigm Shifts in the Human–Nature Relationship

This article explores both historical and contemporary understandings of the human–nature relationship, tracing the evolution of paradigms from perceptions of nature as an adversary, through its instrumental treatment as a resource, to contemporary efforts aimed at establishing a partnership model. It examines key turning points in this evolution, including the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions, the ecological awakening of the twentieth century, and the emergence of new philosophical currents such as deep ecology, ecofeminism, posthumanism, sustainable development, and environmental justice. Particular attention is given to Michael Meyer-Abich’s concept of peace with nature, which proposes an ethical and political framework for coexistence between humanity and the natural world as the foundation of a new civilization. The article argues that only a transformation in how we conceptualize the environment – one that incorporates philosophical, religious, educational, institutional, and social dimensions – can offer an adequate response to the global environmental crisis. Peace with nature emerges here not merely as an ethical choice, but as a fundamental condition for the survival of humankind.