Implementation of the closed-loop economy in Indian regions: State, challenges, and prospects

Aim . The work aimed to structure the key elements of Indian policy and practice in implementing closed-loop economy principles within the country’s strategic development, taking into account balanced economic growth and environmental sustainability. Objectives . The work seeks to analyze the state of the closed-loop economy in India using examples from major sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and waste management; and to develop closed-loop economy development strategies, taking into account the country’s economic and environmental situation. Methods . The author used a mixed-methods approach, combining a qualitative analysis of programme documents, case studies of successful development initiatives, and quantitative surveys of businesses and local governments. Data was collected in five regions with different economic and environmental conditions. Statistical tools and thematic analysis were used to interpret the results. Results . The study revealed that some regions of India are lagging behind in the closed-loop economy development, nevertheless there are advanced waste management technologies, renewable energy resources integration, and resource application efficiency improvements, while there are still challenges related to infrastructure, insufficient awareness, and there are adjustment policy gaps, and financial constraints. However, the country has significant potential for growth, largely due to increased government support, technological developments, and public participation. Conclusions . In India, the transition to a closed-loop economy in its regions is still in its infancy, meaning this process has limitless potential to promote sustainable development. A combination of effective policies, network support, and capacity-building programs can remove barriers to the rapid adoption of closed-loop economy principles across the country. Using its strengths and joining forces to ensure national resilience, India is poised to become a global leader in the closed-loop economy.