Evolution of organizational and economic mechanisms in global filmmaking: From classical theories to digital transformation

Aim . The work aimed to analyze the evolution of organizational and economic mechanisms (OEMs), identify the drivers of their transformation, and develop a conceptual model for ensuring the sustainability of film industry enterprises. Objectives . The work seeks to determine the chronology and stages of OEM transformation in the global film industry; to systematize the set of internal and external factors (drivers) that have led to changes in OEMs; to identify and classify the key problems in OEM functioning in the context of digitalization and global competition; and to develop a conceptual model of adaptive OEMs that ensure the sustainable development of film industry enterprises. Methods . This paper examines the evolution of OEM in the filmmaking industry using general scientific cognition methods, including theoretical analysis of classical and contemporary scientific works and a comparative case study of global practices. The analysis identifies systemic problems and defines key areas for developing sustainable models. Results . A study of the OEM evolution global filmmaking demonstrates their progressive development from the theoretical foundations established by classical economic thought to contemporary digital transformations. The problems of fragmented coordination, inefficient use of resources, and the adaptation challenges facing the filmmaking industry in the context of digitalization and global competition are examined. The experience of leading film markets confirms that the formation of sustainable OEMs is predicated on the synthesis of traditional agglomeration advantages (specialized labor pools, knowledge spillovers) with innovative digital platforms, which helps identify critical efficiency factors. In particular, coordination should be based on hybrid (physical-digital) principles; while the pace of digital transformation of OEMs should be determined by the readiness of institutions and the development of market infrastructure. Conclusions . Studying the OEM evolution in the filmmaking industry as a process, identifying key stages and their characteristic measures, enabled to identify national and industry-specific issues of coordination, monetization, and risk management, as well as to develop a systemic understanding of the factors that ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of enterprise complexes. These factors include the adaptability of institutions to external shocks (sanctions, crises), the effective integration of traditional principles (agglomeration) with digital innovations (AI, blockchain, NFT), and the creation of flexible hybrid models that combine the physical concentration of creative resources with networked digital ecosystems.