Migration processes in modern Russia and their impact on economic and national security

Aim . This work aimed to analyze data on migration processes in modern Russia, their manifestations, and their impact on the country’s economic and national security, as well as to identify associated risks and threats and consider existing opportunities for various forms of migration. Objectives . The work seeks to study Russia’s migration policy within the context of global migration trends, as well as to investigate the impact of internal and external migration processes on Russia’s economic and national security, their causes, and types. Methods . The study is based on comparative, systemic-structural, cause-and-effect, factor, functional, and statistical analysis. Expert assessment and observation methods were also used. Results. The Russia’s migration policy is primarily aimed to ensure a balance between the economy’s need for labor resources, the protection of national security, and social stability. The migration strategy serves as a tool designed to fulfill the purposes of Russia’s migration policy and achieve its objectives in the long term. Internal migration in Russia is largely represented by a young, active, and productive segment of the population, driven primarily by economic, geopolitical, and climatic factors. External migration to Russia is caused primarily by economic factors, particularly a steady increase in labor migration. Meanwhile, intellectual migration is experiencing an outflow of people from the country. As a result, migration legislation is being reformed to encourage scientists to return to the country, however no significant effect has been noted to date. Conclusions . Nowadays migration takes various forms and has varying intensities. Internal migration continues to develop as migration from small towns to cities, while external migration fluctuates depending on the political situation and other factors. This determines the origin and intensity of migration processes. Internal and external migration can not only be a source of threats to Russia’s economic and national security but also create opportunities to address demographic, economic, and social problems through properly implemented migration policies. As long as the Russian economy remains inconsistent in its priorities for scientific and technological development and the implementation of support tools at various levels, the outflow of promising population and the influx of unskilled and illegal migrants will remain a huge risk to Russia’s economic and national security. Russia’s migration policy requires fundamental changes and refinements to avoid irreversible consequences due to lost time.