Covert Communication in RSMA-Enabled Systems With and Without Colluding Wardens

In this work, we investigate covert communication in rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA)-enabled wireless systems in the presence of both non-colluding and colluding wardens. We derive a closed-form expression for the detection error probability (DEP) and determine the optimal detection threshold. The analysis considers the impact of multiple wardens, including scenarios where they collude to enhance detection capabilities. Simulation results demonstrate that RSMA outperforms non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in ensuring covertness, achieving higher DEP and maintaining covert performance even as the number of wardens increases. Simulation results verify the correctness of derived expressions.