EFFECT OF REGOLITH COMPOSITION AND GRAIN SIZE ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES AND INERTIA OF THE MARTIAN SURFACE

This study investigates the effect of Martian regolith composition on its thermal properties, including thermal conductivity, heat retention, and thermal inertia. Laboratory simulations using Mars soil analogs with varying particle sizes and mineral compositions were conducted to replicate surface conditions, while complementary analysis of remote sensing data from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) and THEMIS instruments provided orbital context. Results demonstrate that coarse, iron-rich soils exhibit higher thermal conductivity and thermal inertia, leading to slower diurnal temperature fluctuations, whereas fine dust and hydrated mineral-rich samples show lower thermal inertia and rapid temperature variation. Comparisons between laboratory measurements and orbital data confirm the predictive value of analog experiments for interpreting Martian surface behavior. These findings provide critical insights into surface thermal dynamics, with implications for rover operations, instrument design, and future habitat planning on Mars.