Responsible AI (RAI) for 6G: Frameworks, Applications, Challenges and Research Directions

The sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks will leverage the advances of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to provide intelligent networks, applications, and services. However, the utilization of AI technologies in 6G comes with significant concerns, including disinformation, safety, security, black box operation, bias, and ethical concerns. In response, this paper explores the responsible adoption of AI technologies for 6G, referred to as Responsible AI (RAI) for 6G. RAI envisages bringing fairness, accountability, sustainability, and transparency to AI in 6G technologies, applications, and services. The paper presents an overview of RAI towards formulating a vision for RAI in 6G. Then, the paper explores frameworks for ethical and trustworthy AI in 6G, reviewing various frameworks, closed control loops, and case studies. In addition, the paper discussed RAI in 6G applications ranging from healthcare, smart cities, and industrial automation to non-terrestrial networks. Subsequently, the paper highlights key challenges and future research directions for RAI in 6G. It is envisaged that this article will provide stateof-the-art information and insights on existing research work towards realizing RAI in 6G networks and beyond, applications, and services.