A China e o BRICS+ no Sistema Monetário e Financeiro Internacional

The paper discusses the growing role of China and BRICS+ in the International Monetary and Financial System (IMFS), highlighting that, beyond the internationalization of currencies (particularly the Chinese one), there are other relevant tools for the transition toward a multipolar world. The analysis begins with a historical overview of U.S. dominance, consolidated after Bretton Woods, and moves on to the strategic actions of the Global South, especially China, in challenging this hegemony. Three alternative instruments are emphasized: (i) multilateral financial institutions; (ii) responses to sanctions through new trade alternatives; and (iii) international payment systems. These mechanisms underpin the hypothesis advanced in the article that BRICS+, led by China, has been promoting a transitional process within the IMFS that, although still incipient, points toward the multipolarization of international monetary and financial institutions and instruments. These are presented as vectors that enable greater economic autonomy, partially overcoming dependence on the United States and other core countries of the Global North.