Management Strategies for Mandibular Fractures: A Prospective Study in Our Department

Introduction: The management of mandibular fractures aims to achieve rapid restoration of dental occlusion and masticatory function while minimizing complications. Bone healing largely depends on the therapeutic approach used. This study evaluates the treatment modalities adopted in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech. Materials and Methods: This was a four-month prospective study (April–August 2024) involving 200 patients treated for mandibular fractures. Medical, functional, orthopedic, and surgical treatments were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, along with the type of osteosynthesis material used and the complications encountered. Results: All patients received medical and functional treatment. Orthopedic management was performed in 32.8% of cases, mainly using IMF screws (83.7%). Surgical treatment was carried out in 80.14% of cases, with plate-and-screw osteosynthesis in 91.9%. The vestibular approach was used in 97% of surgical interventions. The main complications observed were labiomental hypoesthesia (25%), suture dehiscence (10%), and malocclusion (9%). Discussion: The findings are consistent with reports from developing countries. Conservative treatment remains indicated for simple fractures, whereas open reduction with internal fixation is considered the gold standard. However, the choice of treatment is often influenced by local constraints, particularly economic and logistical factors. Conclusion: The management of mandibular fractures systematically combines medical and functional treatment, with an appropriate choice between orthopedic or surgical approaches depending on fracture complexity. An individualized approach that takes into account the patient’s socioeconomic context optimizes outcomes in maxillofacial trauma care.