Maxillary Osteosarcoma: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor producing osteoid or bone. It is rare in the jaws, representing only 4% of all osteosarcomas, and maxillary osteosarcoma is even less common. This report presents a case of maxillary osteosarcoma in a 34-year-old woman. The patient presented with tingling, hypoesthesia of the right maxillary region, headaches, and moderate weight loss. Initial dental evaluation with panoramic radiograph revealed a maxillary lesion. Further imaging with MRI and CT showed an aggressive, heterogeneous lesion with calcifications, lysis of the orbital floor, and invasion of the nasal cavity. Diagnosis was confirmed by incisional biopsy, revealing a conventional osteoid-producing osteosarcoma. The patient underwent right hemimaxillectomy with tumor-free margins. Postoperative imaging revealed no residual tumor or metastasis. This case highlights that, despite the generally favorable biological behavior of jaw osteosarcomas, delayed diagnosis can lead to extensive local disease. Early recognition by dental and maxillofacial professionals is crucial for optimal management.