Association of Household Drinking Water Access with Gastrointestinal Morbidity: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Background: In many urban and peri-urban settings, access to safe drinking water continues to be a major public health issue. Although infrastructure has improved, the association of multidimensional household water access and clinical gastrointestinal (GI) morbidity is incompletely described for hospital-based populations. We sought to examine the relationships of household drinking water access across dimensions with GI morbidity among patients and their caregivers in tertiary hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A hospital-based, analytical cross-sectional observational study was carried out from July to December 2025 in two tertiary-care centers. The sample of 150 patients were recruited by consecutive sampling. Data was obtained through face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire which included collection of socio-demographics, methods of access to household water (source, treatment, availability and perceived quality), GI morbidity in the past six months. Independent predictors of GI morbidity were determined by multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of household GI morbidity was 72.0%. Strong bivariate predictors of GI illness included, unimproved water source (90.5% vs. 58.6% for improved sources, p