Oral Manifestations and Implications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview for Dental Clinicians

Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including the oral cavity. Oral manifestations occur in a variable proportion of patients and can be categorized as specific or non-specific lesions. These manifestations may precede, coincide with, or follow intestinal symptoms, emphasizing the importance of early recognition by dental professionals. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease demonstrate increased susceptibility to dental caries and periodontal disease compared to healthy individuals. Understanding these oral-systemic connections enables dentists to contribute to early diagnosis, facilitate multidisciplinary management, and improve patient outcomes through appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies.