Improving Image Quality for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Computed Tomography Imaging in Zambia

Introduction: Rapid clinical and radiological evaluation provides the foundation for the immediate treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA), which are medical emergencies. In order to diagnose the etiology of AIS/TIA and aid establish the best course of treatment, there are international recommendations for performing head computed tomography (CT) scans. However, these researchers noticed that the radiographers, at the study sites in Zambia, employ the traditional plain pre-set brain CT scan imaging parameters. This research demonstrated the need to adjust these pre-set imaging parameters, so as to improve the resultant images. Aim: The aim of this study was to improve CT image quality for AIS/TIA patients. Methods: This study used a quantitative, comparative research design. The first step involved a quantitative, retrospective assessment of patient files to determine the current head CT scan parameters used in imaging patients with AIS/TIA. The reconstruction and implementation of the international criteria for the imaging of these patients constituted the subsequent prospective quantitative phase. Adjusted CT imaging parameters were applied after the retrospective and prospective data statistical analysis. The sample (N=202 images) was purposefully selected. Results: The study improved the ability to enhance the contrast of diagnostic images at lower radiation dose index output. Following the intervention, the average image contrast increased from 4.28 to 5.22Hu (21.96% increase) and the CT dosage index output was reduced by 72.42%. Conclusion: Our study has shown that the modified imaging system can be more effective than the traditional AIS/TIA imaging systems currently in use in Zambia