Ecoepidemiology of Transmissible Diseases: Assessing the Influence of Environmental Factors on the Health and Well-being of Vulnerable Communities within the Framework of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3)

This documentary research addresses the relationship between Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Health and Well-being) and ecoepidemiology, focusing on how environmental factors and human activities influence the transmission of vector-borne diseases. Scientific studies and mathematical models were reviewed to understand the complex interactions between vectors, hosts, and their environment, facilitating the identification of key parameters for preventing and controlling these diseases. It is highlighted that deforestation, unplanned urbanization, intensive use of insecticides, and climate change contribute to the geographic expansion and increased incidence of vector-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya, primarily affecting vulnerable communities. Furthermore, climate change enhances vector proliferation by altering their biological cycles and habitats, while indiscriminate insecticide use generates resistance in mosquito populations and affects biodiversity and human health. By integrating biological, social, and environmental factors, Ecoepidemiology offers a comprehensive framework to understand these processes and design effective public health strategies. The importance of evidence-based public policies and interdisciplinary approaches that promote health in all policies, aligned with the goals of SDG 3, is emphasized. Sustainable environmental management and epidemiological surveillance are essential to reduce the impact of vector-borne diseases and advance toward universal well-being.