Adopción tecnológica para agricultura sostenible en páramos bajo jurisdicción CAR: mitigación y adaptación climática

Colombia ranks fourth worldwide in biodiversity and has strategic ecosystems ranging from the Caribbean Sea to the páramos, which are essential for their role in water regulation and the provision of ecosystem services. In recent decades, these ecosystems have been subject to intense environmental pressure derived from intensive agricultural practices, mining, deforestation, indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, and the occupation of protected areas, exacerbated by climate variability. Within the jurisdiction of the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cundinamarca (CAR), these dynamics have accelerated soil degradation, the loss of high-altitude forests, the deterioration of water sources, and the vulnerability of rural communities dependent on traditional production systems. The aim of this article is to review and contrast conceptual, regulatory, and experiential frameworks on the adoption of productive technologies that strengthen sustainable agricultural practices in páramo ecosystems under the jurisdiction of CAR, with an emphasis on climate change mitigation and adaptation. Methodologically, the article is developed as an academic reflection based on a documentary review of climate change regulations, technical reports, community experiences of productive reconversion, and scientific literature on sustainable agricultural technologies. The synthesis is organized into three main axes: (i) productive reconversion as an instrument to reduce anthropic pressure on páramos; (ii) the potential of technologies such as precision agriculture, agroforestry systems, bio-inputs, and clean energies to optimize soil and water use; and (iii) the role of environmental governance and community participation in making technological adoption viable. It is concluded that articulating local knowledge, scientific research, regulatory frameworks, and technological innovation is key to advancing toward more resilient and sustainable agricultural systems. Future research should assess the impact of these technologies on páramo plots, analyze financing models, and explore participatory monitoring tools.