The effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on renal dysfunction in patients with metabolic disorders. Description of clinical cases

Currently, the leading factors in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, which are often caused by obesity resulting from overeating. The literature clearly shows that a properly selected diet has a beneficial effect not only on blood pressure and carbohydrate metabolism, but also on kidney function. The presence of CKD in most cases assumes comorbidity, and therefore requires the selection of an optimal diet that includes correction of all existing metabolic disorders. Today, there are more than 100 diets known, but it remains unclear which one is best for these patients. Moreover, the effect of major macronutrients on renal function remains controversial and has not been fully studied. The article describes three clinical cases of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) with moderate carbohydrate intake and its effect on renal function and metabolic parameters. This dietary option in patients with metabolic disorders, combined with high patient adherence to the diet, led to improved kidney function and carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism indicators, weight loss, a reduction in the doses and number of medications used, and in some cases helped to normalise blood pressure.