METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF USING STREAM ACTIVITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORAL AND WRITTEN SPEECH OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The article explores the specific features of developing oral and written speech of primary school pupils in the context of implementing integrative educational approaches within the framework of the Concept of the New Ukrainian School. The didactic potential of STREAM activities (Science, Technology, Reading, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) is substantiated as an effective means of integrating language and literature, natural sciences, technology, mathematics and arts, aimed at fostering pupils’ communicative competence. It is emphasized that the STREAM approach ensures systematic involvement of learners in various types of educational, cognitive, research and project-based activities, in which speech performs the functions of a tool of cognition, interpersonal interaction, comprehension of learning experience and presentation of educational outcomes in oral and written forms. A contradiction is identified between the contemporary requirements for the development of communicative and speech competences of primary school pupils and the insufficient elaboration of methodological support for speech development in STREAM-oriented learning. It is established that in educational practice STREAM activities are mainly focused on the formation of scientific, mathematical and technological competences, while the speech component is implemented fragmentarily and lacks a coherent methodological foundation. The purpose of the article is to provide theoretical substantiation and to determine the methodological principles of using STREAM activities for the systematic development of oral and written speech of primary school pupils under conditions of competence-based and integrative learning. The methodological framework of the study is based on the methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific sources, comparison of domestic and foreign pedagogical experience, as well as modelling of a speech-oriented system of STREAM activities. The research summarizes scientific approaches to organizing speech-focused STREAM activities, identifies and characterizes the principles of their implementation (integrativity, activity-based orientation, communicative relevance, age appropriateness and reflexivity), and outlines the types of learning tasks aimed at developing monologic and dialogic speech, skills of producing oral and written texts of various genres, argumentation and presentation of learning outcomes. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the proposed methodological principles in the professional activity of primary school teachers in order to increase the effectiveness of pupils’ speech development through integrative learning.