A Cognitive Constraints on Sentence Processing

Sentence processing refers to the ability to understand language, a complex cognitive activity that allows humans to produce an unlimited number of sentences. This ability is closely linked to working memory, a system with limited capacity that temporarily stores and processes information during comprehension. This study explores the relationship between working memory and grammar by reviewing key theoretical models related to working memory and sentence processing. Unlike previous research that has mainly relied on laboratory tasks and focused on native speakers, this study examines English as a Foreign Language (EFL) of 30 university students’ own experiences with understanding complex sentences. It followed a mixed method research design. Data were collected through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The study results reveal that there are several factors affecting the comprehension of complex structure. For instance, comprehension, attention and contextual clues. The findings discuss in light of existing theories, highlighting how cognitive constraints influence sentence comprehension. Given its exploratory nature and sample size, the study provides preliminary insights intended to inform future large-scle research on cognitive constraints in L2 processing.