Illusory Competence Inflation as a Mediating Variable in the Relationship Between Cognitive Dependence on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Identity Distortion Among Postgraduate Students in Saudi Universities (A Mixed-Methods Study)

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between cognitive dependence on generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and intellectual identity distortion among postgraduate students in Saudi universities, while testing the mediating role of illusory competence inflation. A mixed-methods design was employed. Three scales developed and psychometrically validated by the researcher were administered to a sample of 393 students. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 participants to explore their patterns of smart-tool use and self-perceptions. The qualitative data derived from these interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings indicated a low level of cognitive dependence on GenAI (M = 40.82, SD = 14.54, p < .001), a moderate level of illusory competence inflation (M = 36.03, SD = 7.33, p = .93), and a low level of intellectual identity distortion (M = 24.52, SD = 8.90, p < .001). Detailed results showed higher means for the dimensions of self-understanding (M = 9.52, SD = 2.01, p < .001) and illusion of self-efficacy (M = 9.45, SD = 2.37, p < .001), and a lower mean for uncritical reliance on AI (M = 8.17, SD = 3.08, p < .001). Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed significant direct effects of cognitive dependence on illusory competence inflation (β = 0.90, p < .001) and on intellectual identity distortion (β = 0.60, p < .001), as well as a significant indirect effect through illusory competence inflation (β = 0.35, p = .04), confirming partial mediation. Findings were interpreted through Cognitive Load Theory, Self-Authorship Theory, and the I-PACE model. The study recommended developing structured training programs to rationalize cognitive dependence on generative AI and to mitigate illusory competence inflation and intellectual identity distortion. Keywords: Generative Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Dependence, Illusory Competence Inflation, Intellectual Identity Distortion, Postgraduate Students, Structural Equation Modeling.