The Degree of Incorporation of Global Citizenship Values in 12th-grade Social Studies Books in the Sultanate of Oman and the Kingdom of Bahrain (Comparative Study)

The purpose of this study is to compare social studies books in the Sultanate of Oman and the Kingdom of Bahrain to identify the degree of inclusion of global citizenship values. A quantitative approach was used to analyze the curriculum, which depended on a content analysis card spread across six key values (belonging to humanity, respect for human rights, global peace, tolerance, dialogue, and maintenance of the global environment). The findings indicate a high degree of inclusion of global citizenship values in social studies curricula in both countries. (68.5%) in the Sultanate of Oman "global environmental conservation value" topped by a percentage (24%), while in the Kingdom of Bahrain (97.9%), the "value of respect for human rights" came to the forefront (41.8%). These findings are consistent with similarities in the two countries' interest in incorporating the values of global citizenship and the content of the two books focused on the value of maintaining the international environment, while the rest of the sub-values were as follows: (Solidarity and empathy towards issues with global impact, practicing religious observances, supporting the peaceful resolution of international conflicts, accepting the other citizen, listening carefully without interrupting). These results indicate some differences between the degree of inclusion and distribution across different main values. The values are higher in the Kingdom of Bahrain's book, whose book is titled "Citizenship and Human Rights". On the other hand, the Sultanate of Oman's book focused more on the global dimension. It is recommended that the curriculum focuses on the values of global citizenship in educational content and images, providing opportunities for students to integrate values into their lives as global citizens through educational and enriching activities. Keywords: Global Citizenship, Values, Social Studies Curriculum