Modern inside into Cutaneous Melanomagenesis

Cutaneous Melanoma is a malignant, dangerous tumor that develops from melanocytes -the only cells that synthesize melanin and accumulate it in the skin, hair follicles, and retinal pigment epithelium.Melanin provides pigmentation to the skin, eyes, and hair.This substance also absorbs harmful UV rays (ultraviolet rays) and protects cell DNA from sun damage and possible further DNA sequencing mutations it may cause.Due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, some melanocytes may undergo malfunction in their genetic apparatus, which leads to their uncontrolled division and proliferation, eventually turning into a malignant tumor.In cutaneous melanoma, mutations in the genes BRAF and NRAS most commonly predominate among other gene mutations found during melanomagenesis, accounting for 60 percent and 20 percent, respectively.This review aims to study melanomagenesis from the perspective of a wide range of internal and external factors, their impact on gene alteration, with a detailed examination of the mutated BRAF, NRAS genes, aberrant signaling pathways, and their roles in malignant tumor formation.Moreover, this review will discuss potential melanoma therapy by directly targeting mutated genes and propose some suggestions for further drug development.