INTELLECTUAL APPROACHES TO MANAGING RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH ENTERPRISES

The article is devoted to intelligent approaches to managing risks and uncertainties in the development of high-tech enterprises. The challenges of the Russian IT market are analyzed, including an increase of 5,8% in 2025 and a shortage of personnel. The work focuses on risks in the high-tech sector, such as geopolitical threats, import substitution and a shortage of qualified specialists. Traditional management methods (ISO 31000 standard, FMEA, risk matrix, etc.) are discussed, as well as their limitations in conditions of high uncertainty according to Frank Knight. Intelligent tools are offered: ML models, fuzzy logic for fuzzy data, genetic algorithms, big data analytics. The effectiveness of their application is illustrated by Russian and foreign cases. Recommendations are given for Russian high-tech enterprises on the implementation of intelligent risk management systems.